Takeaways From Revised FinCEN Corporate Transparency Act FAQs

By Sean Bernstein
Last Updated
Apr 2, 2026
5 min read
Main image - Takeaways From Revised FinCEN Corporate Transparency Act FAQs

Since the Corporate Transparency Act was officially enacted, legal experts and compliance officers have spent hours and hours combing through the legislation.

At the heart of the CTA’s mandate, federal legislators require all qualifying business entities to submit diligent beneficial ownership information (BOI) reports to the Department of Treasury’s Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN). The purpose of the legislation is part of a broader effort to crack down on white-collar crime and promote greater corporate transparency.

Common FAQs About the CTA


While the enactment of the legislation was highly anticipated, many lingering questions about the reporting requirements confused business leaders. Therefore, FinCEN created a detailed FAQ page that guides legal professionals, in-house counsel, and compliance officers on how to prepare their respective BOI reports.

The most common FAQs relate to the legislation’s filing deadlines. FinCEN requires that any business entity created on or after January 1, 2024 must submit transparent BOI reports no later than 90 days following the receipt of the articles of incorporation. Some exceptions can be made but, generally speaking, most new entities must follow these requirements.

Businesses that were operational before January 1, 2024 are not required to submit their BOI reports until January 1, 2025. Regulators recognize that established corporations have multiple entities and subsidiaries operating under their corporate umbrella. As a result, gathering and documenting all BOI reporting data is a larger undertaking in these businesses.

Updated FinCEN FAQs on the CTA


Despite the detailed FAQ page, a significant amount of confusion remains regarding the status of the CTA. A lawsuit brought before federal court in Alabama, in which a federal judge ruled the CTA “unconstitutional” — a ruling currently under appeal — further compounded the confusing status of the legislation.

To help address ongoing questions about the CTA, FinCEN added new information to their FAQ page. These are a handful of the concerns addressed by FinCEN’s latest content update.

Reporting obligations for previously exempt entities

When the CTA was first enacted, some businesses in various industries were exempt from the BOI reporting requirements. Common exempt industries included sectors you would expect, such as:

  • Government authorities
  • Financial institutions
  • Securities exchanges
  • Venture capital funds
  • Public utility companies
  • Financial market utilities
  • And more

In some cases, those exemptions have been challenged and previously exempt entities have lost their exemption status. In these situations, FinCEN requires these businesses to file their BOI reports by the end of 2024, based on specific conditions. General counsel or law firms representing these businesses can contact FinCEN to discuss these reporting conditions.

Businesses that received their articles of incorporation after January 1, 2024 that have lost their exemption status must act more quickly. These entities are required to submit BOI reports within 30 days upon losing their exemption status.

Guidance for S-Corporation compliance

S-Corporations have different business structures than the more common C-Corporations. However, under the CTA, S-Corporations have the same BOI reporting requirements as C-Corporations that must be filed with FinCEN.

Some exemptions do exist, though they’re primarily awarded to S-Corporations that have a significant presence in the United States, as well as those that meet certain financial thresholds. FinCEN advises legal and compliance officers of S-Corporations to contact the Department of Treasury for any questions about exemption statuses.

Homeowners Associations compliance clarification

Homeowners Associations make and enforce rules or by-laws regarding properties within their jurisdiction. Individuals who serve on the board of directors for Homeowners Associations may be classified as beneficial owners, requiring the organization to submit BOI reports to FinCEN.

Beneficial ownership through trusts

Individuals with significant control over trusts are, in most cases, exempt from BOI reporting requirements under the CTA. The exception to that rule lies in cases where those individuals maintain or control at least 25% controlling interest — the threshold requirement that classifies an individual as a beneficial owner — in another business entity through the trust.

Additionally, if the beneficial owner has access to a significant portion of the trust’s assets, they may be required to submit BOI reports documenting those instances. A detailed review of individual trusts must be conducted by FinCEN to determine if trustees qualify as beneficial owners, whose information must be disclosed to the authorities. FinCEN encourages any legal experts managing trusts to contact their department for additional clarity.

How to easily prepare BOI reporting data for FinCEN


FinCEN continues to update their FAQs with more content as new legal matters are addressed. Each individual entity should prepare to submit detailed BOI reports to FinCEN if that data is indeed required. Failure to comply with the reporting requirements will result in stiff financial penalties for the business and possible criminal charges against shareholders and stakeholders.

Newly formed and long-established businesses can simplify their reporting workflows using intuitive entity management software. These platforms provide easy-to-use templates so you can build structured organizational charts, cap tables, and shareholder ledgers in one centralized database.

The benefit of using entity management software for all beneficial ownership, stakeholder, and shareholder data is that the platform functions as a single source of truth. If there are any discrepancies in the BOI reports, compliance officers can simply refer to the platform for clarification. Once the data has been corresponded, make the appropriate updates to the BOI reports and submit them to FinCEN.

By storing all beneficial ownership, stakeholder, and shareholder data in a centralized entity management platform, most of the tediousness of generating those BOI reports is already complete. The data exists in structured minute book records within the platform. All your legal team has to do is pull out the appropriate records and generate PDF files to submit as your BOI reports. It’s a quick, easy, and painless workflow.

Ready to get out ahead of your entity’s BOI reporting requirements? Join the MinuteBox revolution today and build template organizational charts, cap tables, shareholder ledgers, and all entity management records all within one cloud-based secure platform.

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Feb 2, 2026
12 min read
How Legal Teams Can Maintain Regulatory Compliance with Centralized Entity Management

Legal teams know compliance inside and out, but the constantly growing number of regulations and laws makes maintaining regulatory compliance feel like an uphill battle.

Law firms, in-house counsel and compliance professionals responsible for managing entities across multiple jurisdictions face an even steeper climb. Different regulations frequently overlap or conflict with each other, raising the stakes for non-compliance and increasing penalty risks.

But as tough as it is, regulatory compliance is necessary for maintaining ethical business practices and protecting corporate integrity. It ensures organizations operate responsibly while safeguarding their reputation and legal standing.

So what’s the solution for effective regulatory compliance?

The answer lies in adopting a consistent and coordinated approach through a unified system. With centralized entity management, legal teams can automate much of their compliance work and dramatically reduce liability exposure.

6 Ways to Meet Regulatory Compliance and Standards

Here are six core strategies that legal teams can use to stay compliant:

Keeping Minute Books up to Date

Minute books function as the official record of a company’s corporate history, making accurate and current documentation absolutely essential for legal protection.

Everything from board resolutions and shareholder decisions to annual filings and corporate changes must be clearly documented. This documentation serves multiple purposes beyond regulatory compliance, including maintaining audit readiness and supporting due diligence processes.

Digital Minute Books for Modern Legal Teams

Centralizing Data Access

Spreadsheets and other disconnected data systems cannot provide the consistency and transparency required to maintain compliance nowadays. 

The lack of complete oversight makes it hard for legal teams to get a proper view of how information is collected, stored and used, which means issues and errors get overlooked.

This fragmented approach can also result in some areas of the organization failing to meet regulatory standards. Additionally, implementing regulatory changes becomes nearly impossible when data lives in multiple locations with different formats and access controls.

A centralized platform provides a single source of truth where all data is contained and accessible to those who require it, removing these issues entirely.

Automating Compliance Calendars

With multiple regulatory bodies, each with its own deadlines and reporting requirements, staying on top of what’s required and when is not simple. Especially since the requirements change frequently.

Manual tracking is risky since it’s so easy to miss critical deadlines or confuse requirements between different jurisdictions.

Automated compliance calendars notify teams of upcoming deadlines for things like tax filings or license renewals and can generate reports automatically. This reduces manual work, ensures timely submissions and keeps legal teams ahead of regulatory demands.

Securing Document Workflows

Sensitive legal and corporate documentation requires careful handling with complete visibility into who accessed it and when, and tracking all changes.

Modern secure document workflows use encryption to protect data during transmission and storage. They also implement role-based access controls and version tracking to maintain data integrity and meet regulatory expectations for confidentiality and record-keeping.

These security measures become particularly important when dealing with beneficial ownership information, board communications and other confidential corporate data that regulatory bodies may request during investigations or audits.

Tracking Ownership and Control Structures

Many jurisdictions now mandate disclosure of beneficial ownership and control structures as part of broader efforts to combat money laundering, tax evasion and fraud schemes. 

Therefore, legal teams must maintain up-to-date records of all control structures and keep track of all entity ownership within the organization.

For example, Canada’s federal and provincial governments require organizations to disclose any individuals who have ownership or control of 25% or more of the company.

When faced with an audit, it’s necessary to confirm the accuracy of beneficial ownership, and tracking ownership and control structures is key to making this happen.

Maintaining Audit Trails

Many organizations dread audits because it means a scramble to gather all the information together and present it in an audit-ready format, including timestamps and responsible parties.

Using a centralized system that tracks everything on your behalf removes the headaches and maintains a state of audit readiness at any time.

When everything is tracked transparently, legal teams can quickly demonstrate that the organization followed the proper procedures and acted in good faith.

Key Regulatory Frameworks in Canada and the U.S.

Key frameworks in Canada include:

Framework Focus
Cabinet Directive on Regulation Main policy framework for regulatory cooperation and transparency.
Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA) How personal data is handled in commercial activities.
Canada Labor Code Standards for workplaces.
Regulatory Compliance Management Guideline Requires financial institutions to develop compliance frameworks.
Canada Business Corporations Act (CBCA) Corporate governance rules for federally incorporated businesses.
Ontario Business Corporations Act (OBCA) Similar to CBCA but includes Ontario-specific provisions.
Corporations Information Act (Ontario) Corporations operating in Ontario must file annual returns and keep information updated.
Proposed Federal Beneficial Ownership Registry (2024+) Currently being rolled out. A public registry requiring corporations to disclose beneficial owners. Full implementation is expected by late 2025.

Key frameworks in the USA include:

Framework Focus
Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) Governance and accountability for publicly traded companies.
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) Health information and data privacy standards.
Gramm-Leach-Biley Act (GLBA) Requires financial institutions to explain data-sharing and safeguarding practices.
Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS) Security compliance for companies handling credit card information.
California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) Protects data privacy for California residents.
Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) Mandates accurate business records for companies operating abroad.
FinCEN Corporate Transparency Act Requires companies to disclose beneficial owners.

Besides the national frameworks noted above, there are many state and provincial-level regulations that companies must also abide by.

As you can imagine, these regional complexities are extremely difficult to manage without using a centralized data platform

Minutebox helps legal teams manage these multi-jurisdictional entities and successfully navigate regulatory complexity by centralizing data and automating compliance tasks. 

Primary Compliance and Regulatory Agencies

Within the USA and Canada, several primary agencies enforce compliance and regulations:

Agency Location Focus
FinCEN USA Enforces the CTA.
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)  USA Regulates publicly traded companies.
Internal Revenue Service (IRS) USA Enforces federal tax laws.
Secretaries of State USA Responsible for corporate registrations and entity compliance.
Corporations Canada Canada Administers the CBCA and OBCA.
Canada Revenue Agency Canada Oversees tax compliance.
Office of Privacy Commissioner of Canada (OPC) Canada Enforces PIPEDA.
Financial Transactions and Reports Analysis Centre (FINTRAC) Canada Financial intelligence agency to prevent fraud and money laundering.
Provincial Corporate Registers Canada Each Canadian province has its own securities regulator.

The Consequences of Non-Compliance

Although regulatory bodies have the power to impose significant fines for non-compliance, the implications run far deeper.

For instance, a failure to file annual returns or keep up-to-date records runs the risk of being struck off the registry or losing legal status. This can halt business operations immediately and may result in frozen assets until compliance is restored.

Non-compliance also damages an organization’s reputation, which can be difficult to recover. A damaged reputation erodes customer trust and may deter potential business partners or investors.

The risk of litigation also rises. In cases involving misleading disclosures or bad governance, individuals within the organization may be held accountable.

Take Wells Fargo, for example. In 2016, the company faced extensive litigation and regulatory consequences after its employees were found to have created millions of fake bank accounts to fulfill their aggressive sales targets.

The event resulted in major financial penalties and multiple lawsuits, forcing the bank to completely overhaul its corporate governance structure.

It’s worth noting that any fines issued by regulatory bodies are not just limited to the corporation itself. They can also be issued to directors. Some jurisdictions also extend fines to management and other individuals.

In the case of Wells Fargo, three executives were fined a total of $18.5 million

The Benefits of Ensuring Compliance

Compliance offers advantages that extend well beyond avoiding penalties and maintaining good standing with regulatory bodies. 

  • Operational efficiency develops naturally when organizations build compliance frameworks around best practices and standardized processes. Automated compliance tasks reduce manual input requirements and improve accuracy and consistency across all business operations.
  • Stakeholder trust grows when business leaders see concrete evidence of corporate responsibility and ethical practices. Demonstrating consistent compliance builds confidence among investors, partners and other stakeholders.
  • Enhanced reputation extends beyond stakeholder relationships to include customer perceptions and market positioning. Companies with strong compliance records find it easier to attract and retain customers who value ethical business practices and responsible corporate behavior.
  • Improved data handling practices protect sensitive information according to regulatory standards and industry best practices. This careful approach to data management builds trust with customers and business partners while helping organizations avoid costly data-related penalties and breaches.
  • Audit readiness becomes a continuous state rather than a periodic scramble when compliance systems are properly implemented. Organizations with strong compliance frameworks can respond quickly to audit requests and regulatory inquiries without disrupting normal business operations.
  • Better governance structures emerge naturally when organizations implement the processes and controls required by compliance frameworks. These structures promote ethical decision-making and responsible business practices throughout the organization.

How to Monitor Regulations for Compliance

With multiple regulatory frameworks in play, organizations must continuously monitor for changes and adjust their compliance programs accordingly.

The best approach is to make use of the available technology while also fully engaging your staff in the processes.

Start by creating a monitoring framework that documents individual responsibilities, establishes check frequencies and outlines specific monitoring procedures for each regulatory requirement. It’s also wise to establish a schedule for risk assessments and compliance reviews.

Train your staff on what’s expected of them so each employee is clear about what they must do to stay on top of compliance.

Again, using a centralized data platform simplifies these compliance tasks. Look for features such as built-in reminders, automated compliance alerts and version-controlled registers to automate all the important compliance requirements.

It’s also best practice to conduct regular internal audits to test your compliance processes. Doing so will help you identify any gaps or inadequacies and allow you to swiftly make adjustments before they become a problem.

How MinuteBox Helps Ensure Regulatory Compliance

MinuteBox is a cloud-based legal entity management and compliance platform designed to simplify regulatory compliance for legal professionals and corporate teams.

Through its proactive tools, you can support compliance objectives and create a single source of truth for all your corporate entity data.

Here are some of its standout features that enable full compliance, no matter which regulatory frameworks you must adhere to:

  • Automated deadline tracking with compliance calendars and customizable reminders for critical compliance tasks, including annual filings, name registrations and regulatory reporting requirements.
  • Audit-ready digital minute books with complete version control, detailed timestamps and comprehensive tracking of all changes and user actions
  • Up-to-date share ledgers and registers that update in real-time across the whole platform.
  • Configurable ownership charts that automatically generate visual diagrams showing beneficial ownership structures and entity relationships, updating in real-time
  • Secure document management with role-based access controls, end-to-end encryption and comprehensive audit trails that meet regulatory expectations for confidentiality and data protection.
  • Advanced collaboration tools allow clerks, law firm partners and other team members to work together within the platform. Stakeholders are notified when their input is required, allowing records to be updated quickly.
  • Real-time impact assessments help compliance managers instantly identify which entities are affected by changing regulations, allowing for rapid response to new requirements.
  • Pre-built compliance templates provide standardized formats that include all required compliance data within documentation. This reduces errors and maintains consistency across all regulatory filings.

To learn more about MinuteBox and how it supports and automates compliance, we welcome you to schedule a free demo.

See how Minutebox Helps Ensure Regulatory Compliance

FAQs – How Legal Teams Can Maintain Regulatory Compliance with Centralized Entity Management

What happens if a regulation changes? How can we stay ahead?

When regulations change, using a centralized entity management system can help you stay ahead. 

Automated alerts and task reminders will automatically alert stakeholders about new or upcoming compliance tasks, while dynamic templates allow for fast data collection adaptations.

One-click report generation will instantly reveal which entities are missing required data or are impacted by a new rule, allowing you to make the necessary changes before they become a risk.

How does MinuteBox help track jurisdictional requirements?

MinuteBox allows you to add key jurisdictional information onto each entity profile, including jurisdiction of incorporation, any applicable registrations and corresponding compliance dates. 

This enables users to search for and filter entities according to their jurisdictions and the related compliance obligations. These obligations will also enter into the compliance calendar and trigger automated alerts when jurisdictional deadlines approach.

What’s the difference between reactive and proactive compliance?

Reactive compliance refers to the act of responding to issues only after a breach or incident takes place. In other words, the fix is only applied once non-compliance has been detected.

In contrast, proactive compliance means anticipating issues and implementing compliance into business operations and processes before those issues even occur. Continuous monitoring is also built into this practice, allowing organizations to adapt their policies and stay ahead of changing regulations.

Oct 16, 2025
6 min read
Cash, collaboration and Canada — three words to remember this year when thinking about legal technology.

Cash, collaboration and Canada — three words to remember this year when thinking about legal technology.

As an industry, legal technology has slowly grown from an obscure niche domain to a full-fledged market segment over the course of the last half decade. Legal professionals (lawyers, academics, non-legal administrators and in-house counsel) are warming (albeit gradually) to the inevitability of technology playing an increasingly prominent role in how legal services are offered and delivered. It also means that investors see a large upside and have begun viewing investments in legal technology as viable options for financial gain.

Cash

By September 2019, investment in legal technology companies had already exceeded $1.2 billion, already above the record-setting $1 billion set in 2018 and a whopping 415 per cent over the $233 million invested in 2017. For legal technology companies, the money is starting to trickle in.

Marked by a record $250 million investment in Clio led by TCV and JMI Equity in early September, and a $200 million investment of Houston-based Onit in January, 2019’s record-breaking year has shown that there is cash available to fuel legal technology companies to the next level. The Clio investment represents the largest venture capital investment of any legal technology company in Canada and surpasses the $50 million received by Kira system in late 2018. Legal technology companies and the “unicorn startup status” (a startup valued at over $1 billion) are no longer mutually exclusive.

The big question, however, is will this trend continue? Will legal technology continue to garner venture capital and private investment in 2020 and beyond? The simple answer is yes, as long as financial markets continue to go up. Investment is forever related to the economy and so any economic slowdown naturally results in an investment chill.

No surprises there. But what’s interesting about the legal sector is the realization by law firms that value-added legal technology is required to protect high levels of profitability and client satisfaction. The pendulum of legal technology development and adoption will never swing backwards. Instead, the question is how quickly it will continue to move forward. Because of this, I predict an upward trend in legal technology investment in the coming years.

Collaboration

Large law firms in particular are realizing the potential value of working with early stage startup companies. There could be any number of reasons, ranging from the inability of existing legal technology solutions to modernize, to trying to find a technology that solves a unique/distinct /niche pain point.

Regardless of the reasoning, law firms all over the world are developing incubators, programs and collaboration projects between themselves and early stage legal technology providers. In the U.K., legal tech incubator program Fuse, out of Allen & Overy and Mishcon de Reya’s MDR LAB, is based in the firm offices giving early stage technology companies the chance to collaborate directly with the law firms and their clients.

For an early stage technology company, the value of working directly with leading law firms grants easier access to the market and ensures your technology is developed with a more focused approach. Frequently iterating your product/service with direct law firm involvement ensures a faster feedback loop and a more focused early-stage product. For law firms, advantages range from having a solution tailored to a firm’s unique needs to the ability to invest as a shareholder of a new solution and purchase the technology at a far reduced price.

Canada

Hockey aside, the world is quickly discovering that Canada punches well above its weight when it comes to producing high quality legal technology companies.

Two companies, Kira Systems and Clio, proudly call Canada home, with ROSS Intelligence recently reopening an office to Toronto. With young companies like MinuteBox and Closing Folders having an increasingly large presence working with law firms outside Canada, as well as leading events like Fireside’s recent Legal Innovation Summit, the world is beginning to take notice.

Most notably, the city of Toronto is now recognized as a global centre for legal technology development. As the financial capital of Canada, with every major Canadian bank and law firm having its head office within a stone’s throw of Bay Street and King Street, combined with great law schools proximate to the University of Waterloo (known for its strong science and engineering departments), you have a perfect recipe for a strong legal innovation culture.

Perhaps there is no better evidence than the existence of the Legal Innovation Zone (LIZ), the world’s first legal technology incubator. Located in the heart of Toronto (only a few minutes walk from every major law firm), the LIZ has incubated well over a dozen companies in the past four years, helping them grow, develop and succeed. Based out of Ryerson University, early-stage companies are given the tools and mentorship they need.

Recognizing the value the LIZ can offer early stage legal technology companies, LIZ has gone global, launching an interactive program for legal technology companies worldwide.

The online interactive tools and virtual programs provide valuable lessons for founders beyond just building a lean canvas model. LIZ director Hersh Perlis proudly noted that the mission statement of the LIZ global program is to “help institute better legal services for all, not just in Canada.”

Legal technology is just beginning to emerge from the shadows and present itself to the world. More importantly, the world is starting to take notice. This is a testament to the lawyers, law firms, entrepreneurs, support staff and clients who all realize there has to be a better way to deliver legal services.

Rest assured that we are well on our way to that inflection point when legal technology really begins to spread its wings and take flight. And when that moment comes, there will be plenty of cash, collaboration and Canada to go around.

Sean Bernstein is a former Bay Street corporate lawyer turned legal technology entrepreneur and co-founder of MinuteBox Inc. He is actively involved in the integration of new technologies within the industry and exploring new processes given the changing legal landscape.

Editor’s note: This article was originally published in The Lawyer’s Daily on January 2, 2020.

May 28, 2024
4 min read
History of the Canada Business Corporations Act

An audit is a scary thing. The idea of government officials pouring over internal company records, micro-searching for financial incongruencies is enough to keep any business owner up at night. Fingers crossed it never happens to you. But sometimes it does…

According to the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) website, during an audit, officers “closely examine books and records of small and medium-sized businesses to make sure they fulfill their obligations, apply tax laws correctly, and receive any amounts to which they are entitled.” An audit is a stressful process, often involving accountants, lawyers and frantic searches through old records. Ultimately, the goal of any audited party is to resolve the matter quickly and painlessly.

But quickly solving the problem requires corporate records to have been safely stored and updated accordingly. Naturally, the larger and busier a company, the easier it is to push these seemingly minute priorities down the list. Big mistake.

The CRA may ask to see the following records:

  1. information available to the CRA (such as tax returns previously filed, credit bureau searches, or property database information);
  2. your business records** (such as ledgers, journals, invoices, receipts, contracts, and bank statements);
  3. your personal records (such as bank statements, mortgage documents, and credit card statements);
  4. the personal or business records of other individuals or entities not being audited (for example, a spouse, family members, corporations, partnerships, or a trust); and
  5. adjustments made by your bookkeeper or accountant to arrive at income for tax purposes.

Corporate record books, commonly referred to as “minute books,” contain pertinent information as it relates to the status and well-being of the company. More often than not, minute books are physical binders that sit idly on law firm shelves. The binders contain the articles of incorporation, amendments, by-laws, original copies of share certificates share certificates, corporate ledgers, and other nondescript records.

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The minute book should be updated as necessary, but at the very least once a year. What often happens, however, is that because minute books rarely need immediate updating, they are pervasively out of date.

Certain company resolutions can include the authorization to issue bonuses or dividends to employees or shareholders. For obvious reasons, this is of interest to the CRA. Dividends and income are taxed at different rates. So if an individual declares a dividend payment on their personal taxes, yet the resolution authorizing the corporate dividend payment is missing (because the minute book was not updated), the CRA may issue a tax reassessment.

The truth is that while law firms may charge a nominal amount to regularly update a company’s minute book, it costs thousands less than what a law firm will charge to overhaul and update a minute book in the case CRA audit. To avoid problems later on, here are a few important steps companies can take to alleviate the minute book concern before the Canada Revenue Agency comes calling:

  • Make sure you know the location of your minute book. The vast majority of all corporate minute books are kept at the office of the company’s law firm. If it’s not there, try and locate it quickly.
  • Ask your law firm whether the minute book is up to date. If necessary, remind them of recent transactions, issued dividends and other corporate matters.
  • If possible, use a digital or virtual minute book. Minute books are kept in physical format for no other reason than that’s how they have been traditionally stored. A virtual minute book (whether a scanned version of a physical binder or a series of PDF documents stored on an external server) is equally as valid as the traditional physical minute book under Canadian law. Signatures need not be in pen and ink to be legally binding. New tools allow law firms to store and update minute books on the cloud, so clients can access their up-to-date records and share them instantly. Ensure your law firm uses these new solutions for your minute books.

The truth is that no one plans to be audited by the CRA. But that doesn’t mean you can’t be organized if and when the time comes. Taking a few small steps today with your minute book can bring a little sanity and clarity to an otherwise hectic ordeal.

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